即将举行的网络研讨会:实现无需离心的流式细胞术样品制备工作流程的标准化
年来,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)的研究正在逐渐从“淀粉样蛋白假说”扩展到更复杂的系统生物学框架。除了经典的Aβ(β-淀粉样蛋白)和Tau病理之外,免疫失衡、代谢异常以及外周系统参与,正在成为AD研究中的重要方向。
近日,来自德国夏里特医学院和马克斯·德尔布吕克分子医学中心的研究团队,在阿尔茨海默病领域顶级期刊Alzheimer's & Dementia上发表了题为“Immune–proteo–metabolomic changes link to Aβ and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease”的重磅研究论文。该研究通过高维多组学联合分析,首次清晰勾勒出了连接AD核心病理与中枢-外周“免疫-蛋白质组-代谢组”的分子全景图。
研究团队依据脑脊液(CSF)中的Aβ和pTau181水平,将受试者划分为核心病理阳性组(A+T+)和病理阴性对照组(A-T-)。随后联合开展:
蛋白质组学:采用超高灵敏度的 NULISA 平台分析脑脊液和血浆。
代谢组学:靶向代谢组学与基于核磁共振(NMR)的脂蛋白亚群分析。
免疫分型:利用质谱流式细胞术(CyTOF)对脑脊液和全血中的免疫细胞群进行高维单细胞检测。
追根溯源:结合单细胞核RNA测序(snRNA-seq)探讨大脑内部色氨酸分解代谢的潜在细胞起源。
二、核心发现:
1. 脑脊液蛋白-代谢物关联特征
A+T+ 组有13种脑脊液蛋白显著差异表达。
这些蛋白与色氨酸代谢物、焦谷氨酸呈正相关;与调节性 T 细胞(Treg)、异丁酸盐、树突状细胞呈负相关。
2. 外周血与脑脊液的一致性
血液中观察到高度相似的免疫-代谢关联模式,提示外周血可替代脑脊液用于AD病理监测。
3. 脑源性代谢物证据
snRNA-seq证实:色氨酸代谢失衡部分源于脑内细胞(如神经元、小胶质细胞),而非仅外周免疫细胞。
4. 关键通路机制
色氨酸降解增强:产生大量神经毒性代谢物,激活 AhR 信号,驱动神经炎症。
免疫抑制失衡:Treg 减少、树突状细胞功能异常,导致促炎 / 抗炎稳态崩溃,加速 Aβ 沉积与 tau 过度磷酸化。
整体而言,该研究搭建起了AD“免疫-蛋白-代谢-核心病理”的完整关联链条,既阐明了疾病潜在发病机制,也为新型诊断标志物、治疗靶点的开发提供了扎实的实验依据。
三、为什么这类研究越来越重视“样本前处理”?
在这项涉及脑脊液(CSF)高维质谱流式(CyTOF)免疫分型的顶级研究中,Curiox的C-Free技术展现出了无可替代的技术优势:
拯救极其稀缺的样本:脑脊液中的免疫细胞极其稀少且脆弱,传统离心洗涤极易造成细胞大量丢失,而C-Free技术通过温和的流体动力学免离心洗涤,可以大幅提升细胞回收率,确保稀有细胞群(如研究中关键的Tregs和DCs)的数据完整性。
锁定细胞“真实”的生理状态:传统离心机带来的巨大机械剪切力会人为激活髓系细胞及T细胞,导致体外伪影。C-Free技术消除了离心剪切力,避免了细胞的人为前激活,使得高维CyTOF测得的免疫表型能够更真实地反映AD患者体内的体内免疫状态。
提升高维多组学分析的稳定性:作为多组学联合分析的基石,前端样本处理的微小波动都会在后端被成倍放大。C-Free提供的自动化、免离心、标准化的洗涤,避免了手动离心操作带来的一系列误差,为本研究构建精准的中枢-外周“免疫-蛋白-代谢”网络提供了可靠的数据支持。
参考文献:
Meng, Wang,Maria, Buthut,Jenny, Meinhardt et al. Immune-proteo-metabolomic changes link to Aβ and tau pathology in Alzheimer disease.[J] .Alzheimers Dement, 2026, 22: e71359.
如需了解更多技术细节或获取报价,可访问Curiox官网或联系当地销售代表。
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